The Bulletin of Siberian Branch of RAMS, № 4 (118), 2005.
CONTENTS
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES DURING MONOOXYGENASE REACTIONS
Liakhovich V.V., Vavilin V.A., Zenkov N.K., Menshikova E.B.
Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases are known to efficiently generate the reactive oxygen metabolites, which lets to account this enzyme family as an important regulator of various cell functions and exemplary pathological processes. Destructive and signaling monooxygenase properties are momentous in liver diseases, inflammatory processes, ischemic heart injury. Actually xenobiotics affect people aggressively, so this is the question of urgent importance and free-radical aspects of the problem are discussed in the present review.
NEONATAL HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM IN NORM AND PATHOLOGY (SCIENTIFIC REVIEW)
Chuprova A.V.
The results of long-term study of hemostasis system in norm and pathology in newborns are observed in the article. By means of microtest set applying on small quantity of blood specimens, little known results of peculiarities and biological changes expediency in hemostasis system in early childhood are explored. It was found an important physiological role of phospholipids and thromboplastic coagulation activity. It was also found the phenomenon of transit thrombinemia and peripheral blood leucocytes straight activity in supporting fibrinolysis in conditions of plasminogene production limitation. The conception of shift balance in hemostasis system in majority of healthy children was shown using the results obtained. At the same time some new facts about hemorrhagic disease in newborns were found, followed by vitamin K deficit and DIC syndrome. The extra criteria at diagnosis of the diseases were approved. The estimation was given for advantage methods of correction and prevention of these disorders.
ÅCHOCARDIOGRAPHIC INDICES ÎF PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Prokhorova I.V., Stuks I.U., Markov V.A.
To evaluate the significance of echocardiography for suspected pulmonary embolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction we have examined 143 patients, including 103 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 17 — with myocardial infarction complicated by pulmonary embolism, 23 — with pulmonary embolism associated with different patholîgies except myocardial infarction. To verify the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism there was used the contemporary diagnostic algorithm, including lung perfusion scintigraphy. It is ascertained that the increase of final diastolic size of right ventricle, systolic blood pressure in pulmonary artery, presence of paradoxical movement of interventricular septum, decrease of in-breath inferior vena cava collapse can be considered as significant diagnostic features of suspected pulmonary embolism in acute myocardial infarction. In myocardial infarction complicated by non-massive pulmonary embolism no isolated right ventricle dysfunction was mentioned.
ROLE OF FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION IN PATHOGENESIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Vorobiova E.N., Vorobiov R.I.
The important biological role of reactive oxyradicals generated in various cells of healthy organisms, from single cellular up to higher organized, carrying out due to high chemical reactivity and rather short lifetime, vital function alarm endocellular messengers and intercellular mediators for realization of the expedited and deferred adaptable rearrangement of a metabolism in tissues, including in circulation system is described. At the same time at appreciable accumulation in an organism of such molecules, their mediator function is transformed in damaging, caused by oxidation and destruction of histic lipids, proteins and nucleic acids with development of pathological damages of members and tissues. This concept is compounded with the numerous clinical items of information, that in patients with essential hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic illness of heart and myocardial infarction histic and the plasma level reactive oxyradicals and products oxidative damage cell's biopolimers is higher than those observed in healthy people even in the term of extreme situations, and local and - or systemic hyperproduction of superoxidic and hydroxyl radicals, peroxinitrit, nitrogen oxide, and other active forms of oxygen.act as pathogenetically significant.
ACTIVATION OF LIPOPEROXIDATION PROCESSES AS A PATHOGENETIC FACTOR OF POLYORGAN DYSFUNCTION DURING ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Morozov S.V., Dolgikh V.T., Poluektov V.L.
According to the results of clinico-experimental researches of acute pancreatitis the authors have found out that in a basis of the disease advance there was an activation of the process of lipoperoxidation under the lack of enzymatic and nonenzymatic segments of antioxidant system. Emaciation of adaptive capability of the body is accompanied by the rising of severity of endointoxication and disorder of all vital parts and systems.The key role of tissular antloxidants lack in the development of the polyorgan dysfunction syndrome is demonstrated. Natural bioantioxidant glutathione is regarded as one of the endotoxemia markers which progressive decrease is an unfavorable predictor during acute pancreatitis.
DISPLAYS OF PULMONARY RISK IN MEN OF DIFFERENT PROFESSIONAL CONTINGENTS
Shishkin G.S., Grishin O.V., Ustyuzhaninova N.V., Gultjaeva V.V., Umantseva N.D.
Displays of pulmonary risk in different professional contingents in the south of Western Siberia are investigated. It is established that at students, their occurrence makes cadets about 40%. In the contingents constantly contacting to inadequate ecological factors, it is increased on 15-18%. The maximum of displays of pulmonary risk is marked at miners (72%). Pulmonary characteristics of contingents have the expressed specificity. For cadets, presence powerful compensatory the answers completely leveling functional deviations is typical. At builders, the system of external breath on action of ecological factors responds protective mobilization of a reserve tissue of respiratory departments of lungs. For workers of the chemical enterprise the characteristic answer is increase of lightness of the respiratory tissue, increasing of diffusion capacity lungs. At miners protective reaction to injuring action of a coal dust dominates, its capacity is close to maximal. Besides at them weak displays of beginning anthracosis which are expressed in decrease of efficiency of ventilation lungs are marked.
INFLUENCE OF UNSYMMETRICAL DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (HEPTYL) ON PRODUCTION OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS M AND G AND DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
Panin L.E., Kleymenova E.Ju., Russkikh G.S.
The new mechanism of an induction of immunoglobulin synthesis at mammals is described. Production of immunoglobulin by spleen lymphocytes become intensify under action of biologically active complex tetrahydrocortisol — apolipoprotein A-I (THC — apoA-I) which is formed in macrophages of lymphoid tissue. For the first time it is shown, that the given mechanism is strongly suppressed by heptyl — a toxic element of rocket fuel. It can result in vivo in development of an immunodeficiency.
NEUROIMMUNE RELATIONSHIPS UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL REST CONDITION AND DURING AVERSIVE EMOTIONAL AROUSAL IN HUMANS
Valeyev R.G., Trufakin S.V., Aftanas L.I., Kozlov V.A., Trufakin V.A.
The relation between brain activity and the immune system was evaluated in 20 healthy volunteers. Relationships among regional activation EEG asymmetries and immune function (number of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + and CD16 + lymphocyte cell subsets) were investigated under the two physiological conditions — controlled rest and during aversive emotional arousal. It was revealed that the significant neuroimmune relationships (in view of correlation coefficient magnitude and sign) depend on anterior and caudal asymmetries, EEG frequency band, cortical arousal as well as on lymphocyte cell subsets. These findings support the hypothesis that there is a specific association between EEG activation asymmetries and certain immune parameters.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOSOMATIC DISEASES: BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND RHEUMATHOID ARTHRITIS
Trufakin S.V., Valeyev R.G., Aftanas L.I., Kozlov V.A.
Heart rate variability (HRV) was studied in healthy control and patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under controlled rest and during emotional stress-test and respiratory test. It was revealed that under controlled rest patients with BA manifested higher value of VLF% and reduction of LF%, that accordingly evidence about increase of metabolic component in regulation mechanisms and decrease of sympatic influences. In response to emotional stressor and respiratory test, patient with BA demonstrated similar dynamics — increase of parasympatic control and decrease of sympatic influences. Patients with RA displayed sharp decrease of power spectrum of HRV, total decrease of variability and parasympatic control (lower value of SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, TF, HF) on a background of increase metabolic influences (higher value of VLF%). The relative prevalence of sympatic activity in regulation of cardiac function in patient with RA was revealed in response on the weak laboratory stressor. Our data suggest that patients with BA and RA have manifestations of vegetative neuropathies with different characters and degrees of activity.
IMMUNOPHENOTIPICAL AND FUNCTIONAL-METABOLIC PARTICULARITIES OF LYMPHOCYTES AT CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS
Naslednikova I.O., Ryazantseva N.V., Beloborodova E.V., Novitsky V.V., Beloborodova E.I., Zhukova O.B., Zima A.P., Antoshina M.A., Belokon' V.V.
The chronic viral hepatitis is accompanied well-marked immunophenotipical and functional-metabolic changes of lymphocytes of peripherial blood. Patients with chronic viral hepatitis Â, Ñ, B+C have defect of Ò-link immunity (the reduction of number mature Ò-lymphocytes, Ò-helper-inductors, as well as immunoregulating index), nonspecific resistance (the reduction of the contents natural killers) on background of increasing of the contents of lipids and activities of nonspecific esterase in lymphocytes and abilities of lymphocytes to proliferation.
MECHANISMS OF HEMATOLOGICAL TOXICITY OF CISPLATINA AND XELODA IN THE CONDITIONS OF COMBINED THERAPY OF THE PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC CANCER GASTER
Khrichkova T.Yu., Goldberg V.E., Zhdanov V.V., Popov D.N., Tuzikov S.A., Afanasev S.G., Dygai A.M.
It was studied toxic effects of new regimen of postoperative chemotherapy of metastatic cancer gaster of stage IV in respect of blood system. Depression of granulocytic and activation of erythroid lineages of hemopoiesis were observed under chemotherapy conducted by the scheme with Cysplatina and Xeloda use. Distinctions in reactions of hemopoiesis lineages were stimulated by different mechanism, in particular, decreasing cellularity of granulocytic lineage was caused by delaying maturation of CFU-GM, while rising number of erythroid precursors took place under practically normal intensity of CFU-E differentiation.
ASSESSMENT OF RELATIVE RISKS OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES DEVE-LOPMENT IN WORKERS OF ÊEMEROVO «KOKS» INC.
Mun S.A. , Larin S.A. , Zinchuk S.F., Brailovski V.V., Glushkov A.N.
The retrospective epidemiological reseach of work conditions and level of oncological diseases rate in workers of Kemerovo «Koks» Inc. was conducted. At the same time the level weight of oncological diseases in the experiment group (88,9‰) reliably exceeds the control (51,0‰). The greatest difference were revealed in men (accordingly 90,3 and 33,2‰). The greatest relative risks were observed for the respiration organs cancer (4,3) and skin cancer (9,4) in men and for stomach cancer in women (7,0). It was found no relation between the indices of oncological diseases rate and the length of service in the control-cases from 3 to 25 years. The increase of service was more then 26 years. In contract, in experimental group with the length of service of 4-5 years the diseases rate of malignances is already twice times higher than in the control. With increasing of the length of service from 10 to 25 years, the sharp rise of diseases rate in experiment is observed (from 60 to 120‰). High indices of oncological deseases rate in workers with the length of service more than 26 years and not directly engaged in the production are possibly connected with not the industrial factors but with the changes caused by the age.
INFRINGEMENT OF BILIRUBIN METABOLISM AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN NEWBORN RATS UNDER INFLUENCE OF IRREGULAR DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (HEPTYL)
Panin L.E., Kostina N.E., Shestopalova L.V.
Birth of yellow children in places of contact of the population with toxic elements of rocket fuel has not received the experimental confirmation till now. The experimental model of hyperbilirubinemia at newborn rats is worked up for the first time and its reasons are revealed. It is shown that heptyl in small dozes damages various biological membranes. It concerns plasmatic membranes of peripheral blood erythrocytes and those in the centers of hepatic haemopoiesis. Defective erythrocytes are actively grasped liver macrophages that results in clearing of haem. The last turns in hepatocytes to yellow pigments (bilirubin and its derivatives) which are allocated with bile. However the action of heptyl in small dozes results to hepatocyte hypotrophy and to formation of intercellular cracks which open in bilious channels. On them bile gets in intercellular space and through lymphatic channels in blood. Hyperbilirubinemia develops that results in a birth of «yellow children».
HYPERINDUCTION OF MOUSE HEPATIC Ñyp2b AND Ñyp2c BY PRODUCTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL FLUORINATION OF TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE
Pustylnyak V.O., Shirshova A.N., Gulyaeva L.F., Kaledin V.I., Nikolin V.P., Kaurova G.I., Matalin V.A., Shvartsberg V.M., Korobejnichev O.P.
Dose- and time-dependent induction of cytochrome P450 1a, 2b and 2c subfamilies by novel perfluorochemical compound (TBF) was investigated. It was shown that TBF significant increases Cyp2b and Cyp2c specific activities in mouse liver, whereas it has little if any effect on Cyp1a specific activities. Results of multiplex RT-PCR have shown that TBF administration leads to 7,5-fold increase of relative Cyp2b mRNA level. Thus, our results provide evidence to support the conclusion that TBF is novel inducer of Cyp2b in mouse liver and mechanism of induction occur through transcriptional activation of Cyp2b genes.
LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES OF BLOOD SERUM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS Ñ AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Yuzko Yu.V., Voloshina N.B., Alekseenko T.V., Savchenko N.G., Korolenko T.A.
The aim of study is to investigate dependence of serum ALT and lysosomal enzymes activity in patients with viral hepatitis C and liver cirrhosis, connection of changes with stage of the disease. We were trying to establish the cellular origin of secreted lysosomal enzymes ( hepatocytes or macrophages). Patients with chronic viral hepatitis C revealed very low serum activity of ? -galactosidase; there was no connection between this index and moderately elevated serum ALT activity. A direct correlational dependence of serum chitotriosidase with matrix metalloproteinase-2, 7 activity in serum in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C and blood-donors was discovered. The increase of serum chitotriosidase and matrix metalloproteinase activity was noted in the patients with liver cirrhosis. These indexes can be taken into account as uninvasive method of liver cirrhosis diagnostics. The investigation of MMPs activity as well as MMPs inhibitors is perspective, giving an opportunity to determine the development of connective tissue in the liver at early stages of fibrosis formation. The increase of MMP and chitotriosidase activity in patients with liver cirrhosis demands further investigation.
THE EFFECT OF ULTRADISPERSIVE POLYMETALLIC POWDER ON THE LUNGS MORPHOLOGY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Shevtsova N.M. , Paderov Yu.M., Stepovaya E.A., Baykov A.N.
The effect of ultradispersive powder (UDP) based on plumbum zirconate-titanate on morphological lungs structure has been studied in white rats by histological and ultra-microscopic techniques. The experimental animals were exposed to inhalation of UDP, 150 mg/m 3 in concentration. It has been proved that ultradispersive particles of the explored powder have both toxic and fibrogenic properties.
INFLUENCE OF IMMOBILIZATION STRESS ON RESISTANCE OF RATS AT PERIODS MAMMO- AND LACTOGENESE
Seydakhmetova Z.Zh., Tashenova G.K.
In given investigation were studied regularities of the change of sympathetic adrenal system of the pregnant and nursing rats at action acute and repeated immobilization stress. There is shown that reaction SAS differs depending on quantitative presented stimulus. It is installed that immobilization stress causes more strong increase an amount noradrenalin. The stress-reaction of the pregnant females was more denominated, than nursing rats. It is shown that at influence immobilization stress occurs the breach to stabilities of erythrocytes membranes of the rats, bring about increase of permeability and reduction of peroxide resistance of membranes of erythrocytes, herewith resistance of erythrocytes of the nursing females was more stable than pregnant rats.
INCREASE RESISTANCE OF MEMBRANE SECRETORY CELLS OF MAMMARY GLAND BY NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AT LEADEN INTOXICATION
Seydakhmetova Z.ZH.
The influence leaden intoxication was studied upon membrane of the mammary gland nursing rats. Intoxication salt lead brings about damage cellular membranes of mammary gland that brings about increasing of sensitivity of membranes to induction processes lipids peroxide. Using vitamin Ñ, E and preparation Egb 761 protect the membrane a secret cells of the mammary gland from damage actions of the acetate lead, thereby preventing negative influence intoxication on process of synthesis of milk.
PNEUMOVIBROMASSAGE AT PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF PATIENTS WITH CAVERNOUS LUNG TUBERCULOSIS
Strelis A.A., Strelis A.K.
A new method of preoperative preparation of patients (n=50) with cavernous and fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis, including drug-resistant form has been developed. To reach maximum effect on the background of intake of chemiodrugs 1-2 lines, a 13-14-day course of physiotreatment, including total (electrovibroacupressure) and local (pneumovibromassage) impact on respiratory apparatus is conducted. The efficiency of the method is confirmed by positive dynamics of clinical, hematologic, endoscopic, functional, X-ray tests, biochemical, spintigraphycal data before and after treatment. The method can be used at blocked cavity in lung, endobronchitis with disorders of drainage of a bronchial tree.
APPLICATION OF INDERAL FOR DECREASE OF HEART POSTRESUSCITATIONAL LESION
Dolgikh V.T.
The aim of the investigation is to limit redundant stimulation of the heart ? -adreoreceptors in dying, clinical death early resuscitational period by means of preliminary inderal injection.The experiments were performed on mongrel male rats endured 4-min clinical death from acute blood loss. It has been established that 1 mg/kg parenteral inderal injection 30 min before the blood loss and clinical death decreases postresuscitational heart lesion. It becomes apparent in myocardium left ventricle intensification of isolated white mongrel rat heart both in usual and in heightened contraction frequency, restriction of lipide peroxidase oxidation, improvement of contractile function electric maintenance, bioelectric heart function stability, decreased heart sensitiveness to exogenous catecholamines.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN NOVOSIBIRSK
Malkova N.A., Shperling L.P.
We have analyzed multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence and incidence for the period of 20 years in Novosibirsk (1980-2003). The evaluation of MS incidence has been estimated in different age groups. We have displayed the increasing of MS prevalence (from 29,2 to 54,4 per 100 000 people). There is a tendency to MS incidence decreasing. MS incidence among men is lower than that of women. We have made known that there is the greater part of patients with a longer duration of disease, less level of disability and low rate of progression in the group (year 2002 as compared to 1983). It could be estimated as a favorable MS course.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SERUM AND URINE a2 -MACROGLOBULIN AND PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN A QUANTITIES AT NORMAL PREGNANCY AND GESTOSIS
Maltseva N.V., Levchenko V.G., Zorina V.N., Dubovick A.A., Vasiljeva N.N.
The quantitative changes of serum and urine human a2 -macroglobulin (MG) and pregnancy-associated protein A (PAPP-A) are determined at normal pregnancy (NP) and gestosis in comparison with nonpregnant woman. Results have shown that serum MG concentration increases progressively at NP and hard gestosis (HG), preeclampsia (PE) and eclampsia (E) and increase of serum PAPP-A is equal at NP and gestosis. Urine MG quantity was decreasing at NP and easy gestosis and was enhancing adequately gestosis degree. Urine PAPP-A concentration was increasing at NP and gestosis, especially, at HG, PE and E. Analysis of serum and urine MG and PAPP-A concentration correlations allowed to assume that its pathological glomerular filtration occurs at HG, PE and E.